A nice article about target directory, moving and copying files/directories.
http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/html_node/Target-directory.html#Target-directory
Archive for the ‘Uncategorized’ Category
Bash: Target Directory
Monday, October 17th, 2016Asterisk 13: chan_sip sip_write Can’t send 10 type frames with SIP write
Tuesday, October 11th, 2016Centos 7
Asterisk 13.1
Noticed a WARNING which filled Asterisk’s messages logfile:
To get rid of it, use bridge_softmix.so module instead of bride_simple.so.
Thanks to Lenar Daminov from our team for research.
UPD: https://community.asterisk.org/t/bridge-simple-and-bridge-softmix-difference/69193
jcolp, Asterisk developer:
The bridge_softmix module is more heavy weight as it gets data from each channel, transcodes it into signed linear, mixes it at an interval, and then sends it out. Even for 2 channel bridges it will do this. The bridge_simple module simply exchanges data back and forth without mixing. Frame type 10 is comfort noise which is not currently supported by Asterisk.
Asterisk 11: some required modules
Monday, July 18th, 2016Asterisk 11, modules, which have to be loaded for other basic modules to work properly.
preload => res_http_websocket.so ; for chan_sip.so load
preload => res_speech.so ; for res_agi.so load
preload => res_agi.so ; for app_stack.so load
preload => res_monitor.so ; for app_queue.so correct load
preload => res_ael_share.so ; for pbx_ael.so correct load // also works without this,
; but WARNING while loading
Linux: limit CPU usage by running process
Monday, July 18th, 2016Use cpulimit for this.
We have a 8-core CPU (it means the total CPU usage can be 800%, and 100% for 1 core respectively).
Our process is ‘raid-check’.
/usr/bin/cpulimit --exe /usr/sbin/raid-check --limit 600
I added this line to crontab config. The reason is that my Asterisk stops accepting calls when the CPU load is too high. Of course you can also use asterisk.conf settings to achieve the desired results.
[root@voip-ge ~]# cat /etc/cron.d/raid-check
# Run system wide raid-check once a week on Sunday at 1am by default
0 1 * * Mon root /usr/sbin/raid-check
# limit the CPU usage by executable name
1 1 * * Mon root /usr/bin/cpulimit --exe /usr/sbin/raid-check --limit 600
SSH port forwarding
Saturday, July 16th, 2016Assuming, MySQL is running on ‘remoteserver’ on 127.0.0.1:3306, and you have only SSH access to the remote server.
lexus@lexus:~$ ssh user@remote-server -L 3306:127.0.0.1:3306 -N
support@remote-server’s password: (press Ctrl-Z)
^Z
[1]+ Stopped ssh user@remote-server -L 3306:127.0.0.1:3306 -N
lexus@lexus:~$ bg
[1]+ ssh user@remote-server -L 3306:127.0.0.1:3306 -N &
lexus@lexus:~$ mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -p -u sqluser
Enter password:
Ubuntu: old releases repositories
Friday, July 8th, 2016If your Ubuntu is too old and aptitude stopped working, showing 404 not found.
Add this to /etc/apt/sources.list, changing the CODENAME to your Ubuntu version.
## EOL upgrade sources.list
# Required
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ CODENAME main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ CODENAME-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ CODENAME-security main restricted universe multiverse
# Optional
#deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ CODENAME-backports main restricted universe multiverse
That’s enough.
Read more if you’re interested in.
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EOLUpgrades
http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/
Asterisk: ODBC configuration files relations
Monday, June 6th, 2016https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Getting+Asterisk+Connected+to+MySQL+via+ODBC
https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Configuring+res_odbc
odbcinst.ini
===================
[MySQL] Description = ODBC for MySQL Driver = /usr/lib/odbc/libmyodbc.so Setup = /usr/lib/odbc/libodbcmyS.so FileUsage = 1
odbc.ini
===============
[asterisk-connector] Description = MySQL connection to 'asterisk' database Driver = MySQL Database = asterisk Server = localhost Port = 3306 Socket = /var/lib/mysqld/mysqld.sock
res_odbc.conf
====================
[asterisk] enabled => yes dsn => asterisk-connector // points to DB connection in odbc.ini username => asterisk password => welcome pooling => no limit => 1 pre-connect => yes
cdr_adaptive_odbc.conf
==============================
connection = asterisk // The database connection to be used. This is a reference
// to the configured connection in res_odbc.conf. This field is required.
table = // The table name. This field is required.
AcmePacket: go on rejecting!
Thursday, May 19th, 2016One more post about INVITE rejecting.
The task: reject malicious SIP traffic coming from some country to our number. All INVITEs contain a From: header with 12-digits number starting with 666. The may also contain a plus sign at the beginning or 810, or +810.
It is also important to set a ‘new-value’ parameter, containing a status code and SIP description (in form of “Code:Description”), as some (or maybe most) PBXses/softswitches/proxies go on sending INVITEs if we just do ‘action reject’. After answering from AcmePacket with something like “403 Forbidden” the remote side stops sending endless INVITEs to AcmePacket.
Part of sip-manipulation:
header-rule
name dropHACKERS
header-name From
action manipulate
comparison-type pattern-rule
msg-type any
methods INVITE
match-value
new-value
element-rule
name dropHACKERS1
parameter-name From
type uri-phone-number-only
action reject
match-val-type any
comparison-type pattern-rule
match-value 666[0-9]{9}$
new-value 403:Forbidden
This is how it looks like after rejecting malicious INVITE with “403 Forbidden”:
SQL: get the database size
Friday, March 25th, 2016I’m going on writing primitive posts about the fascinating world of relational database management systems. :)
MySQL, size of all databases:
mysql> SELECT table_schema \
"Database name", \
sum( data_length + index_length ) / 1024 / 1024 \
"Data Base Size in MB" FROM \
information_schema.TABLES GROUP BY table_schema;
+--------------------+----------------------+
| Database name | Data Base Size in MB |
+--------------------+----------------------+
| fluxbb | 0.04585648 |
| information_schema | 0.00781250 |
| mysql | 0.60614872 |
| wordpress | 2.22493362 |
+--------------------+----------------------+
4 rows in set (0.13 sec)
PostgreSQL, size of all databases:
cdr=> SELECT pg_database.datname,pg_size_pretty(pg_database_size(pg_database.datname)) \
AS size FROM pg_database;
datname | size
-----------+---------
template1 | 6705 kB
template0 | 6697 kB
postgres | 6820 kB
cdr | 28 GB
Size of ‘acme_cdr’ table:
cdr=> SELECT pg_size_pretty(pg_total_relation_size('acme_cdr'));
pg_size_pretty
----------------
28 GB
ngrep: SIP traffic analyze
Tuesday, March 1st, 2016tcpdump is a nice tool, but some filters seem to be too complicated for usage.
It’s quite simple to look at SIP traffic between our server and remote server with tcpdump:
tcpdump -pni eth0 udp and port 5060 and host 1.2.3.4
… or a little bit more verbose:
tcpdump -pni eth0 -v udp and port 5060 and host 1.2.3.4
… or even:
tcpdump -pni eth0 -v -As0 udp and port 5060 and host 1.2.3.4
But how to capture only INVITE messages?
This is the case to use ngrep:
root@voip-ge:~# ngrep -W byline "INVITE sip" port 5060 and host zz.nn.159.114 interface: eth0 (10.219.3.0/255.255.255.0) filter: (ip or ip6) and ( port 5060 and host zz.nn.159.114 ) match: INVITE sip # U xx.yy.94.130:5060 -> zz.nn.159.114:5060 INVITE sip:412753@zz.nn.159.114 SIP/2.0. v: SIP/2.0/UDP xx.yy.94.130:5060;branch=z9hG4bK51d42193. Max-Forwards: 70. f: "SomeCallerID" sip:0606@xx.yy.94.130;tag=as07e569d2. t: sip:412753@zz.nn.159.114. m: sip:0606@xx.yy.94.130:5060. i: 795031de44fe066e3751fdc6218368e7@xx.yy.94.130:5060. CSeq: 102 INVITE. User-Agent: Cisco-SIPGateway/IOS-12.x. Date: Tue, 01 Mar 2016 07:05:13 GMT. Allow: INVITE, ACK, CANCEL, OPTIONS, BYE, REFER, SUBSCRIBE, NOTIFY, INFO, PUBLISH, MESSAGE. k: replaces. c: application/sdp. l: 299. . v=0. o=CiscoSystemsSIP-GW-UserAgent 886157825 886157825 IN IP4 xx.yy.94.130. s=SIP Call. c=IN IP4 xx.yy.94.130. t=0 0. m=audio 19504 RTP/AVP 8 0 101. a=rtpmap:8 PCMA/8000. a=rtpmap:0 PCMU/8000. a=rtpmap:101 telephone-event/8000. a=fmtp:101 0-16. a=silenceSupp:off - - - -. a=ptime:20. a=sendrecv.